{"id":301,"date":"2016-09-07T02:04:34","date_gmt":"2016-09-07T02:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/?page_id=301"},"modified":"2019-08-28T00:55:02","modified_gmt":"2019-08-28T00:55:02","slug":"indirect-discourse","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/?page_id=301","title":{"rendered":"Indirect Discourse"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rather than quoting someone directly, Indirect Statement (Indirect Discourse) reports what someone has spoken:<\/p>\n

Direct Statement:<\/strong> \u00a0Athamas killed his son Learchos. \u1f0c\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u039b\u03ad\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd.<\/p>\n

Indirect Statement:<\/strong> Ino knows that Athamas killed his son Learchos.
\n\u03bf\u1f36\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u1f38\u03bd\u1f7c \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f0c\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c5\u1f31\u1f78\u03bd \u039b\u03ad\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 (3rd<\/sup> sing. aor. optative).<\/p>\n

There are three ways that Greek expresses indirect discourse:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. A verb of speaking (e.g., \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c9\/\u03b5\u1f36\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd) or knowing (\u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03ba\u03c9, \u03bf\u1f36\u03b4\u03b1) followed by \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 or \u1f61\u03c2 plus the indicative or optative.<\/strong>
    \nExample: \u00a0\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u1f61\u03c2 \u1f10\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03bd \u0399\u03bd\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u1f76 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. It is said that Ino and Melicertes fled to the Molourian rock.<\/li>\n
  2. A verb of speaking or thinking (e.g., \u03c6\u03b7\u03bc\u03af, \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03c9, \u03bf\u1f36\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f21\u03b3\u03ad\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \u1f10\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03c9) followed by an accusative subject and infinitive.<\/strong>
    \nExample: \u1f10\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u1f30\u03c3\u03b8\u03bc\u1f78\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u1fc6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f51\u03c0\u1f78 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u1fd6\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd. They think that Melicertes was brought to the isthmus by a dolphin.<\/li>\n
  3. A verb of perceiving or learning (e.g., \u1f00\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c9, \u1f41\u03c1\u03ac\u03c9, \u03c0\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9) followed by an accusative subject and a participle.
    \n<\/strong>Example: \u1f0c\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u1f50\u03ba \u03b5\u1f36\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u1f74\u03bd \u1f38\u03bd\u1f7c \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1 \u039c\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u1f14\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd. Athamas did not see Ino holding their son Melicertes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Note 1: in classical Attic Greek, the optative occurs in the \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9\/\u1f61\u03c2 clause when the main verb of speaking is in the past.\u00a0 Pausanias uses the optative in the subordinate clause even when the main verb is in the present tense.<\/p>\n

    Note 2: the final -\u03b1\u03b9 of the 3rd<\/sup> sing. aor. optative counts as long.\u00a0 Thus, aor. optative \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 receives an acute on the penult vs. the aor. infin. \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u1fd6\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 with a circumflex on the penultimate syllable.<\/p>\n

    Practice with Indirect Statement-Pre-reading-RoadtoCorinth<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Rather than quoting someone directly, Indirect Statement (Indirect Discourse) reports what someone has spoken: Direct Statement: \u00a0Athamas killed his son Learchos. \u1f0c\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u039b\u03ad\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u1fd6\u03b4\u03b1 \u1f00\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03bd. Indirect Statement: Ino knows that Athamas killed his son Learchos. \u03bf\u1f36\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u1f38\u03bd\u1f7c \u1f45\u03c4\u03b9 \u1f0c\u03b8\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u1f78\u03bd \u03c5\u1f31\u1f78\u03bd \u039b\u03ad\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd \u1f00\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 (3rd sing. aor. optative). There are three ways that Greek expresses […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/301"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=301"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1222,"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/301\/revisions\/1222"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imaginingancientcorinth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}