E – Diogenes the Cynic at the Isthmian Games, Dio Chrysostom 8.24-27

[24] καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ κράτιστος ἀνήρ κράτιστος δὲ σχεδόν, ὃς ἂν δύνηται πλεῖστον ἀποφεύγειν τὰς ἡδονάς: οὐδὲ γὰρ ἔστιν ἡδονῇ συνόντα ἢ καὶ πειρώμενον συνεχῶς μὴ οὐ πάντως ἁλῶναι. ὅταν οὖν κρατήσῃ καὶ περιγένηται τῆς ψυχῆς τοῖς φαρμάκοις, γίγνεται τὸ λοιπὸν ἤδη τὸ τῆς Κίρκης,[25] πλήξασα ῥᾳδίως τῇ ῥάβδῳ εἰς συφεόν τινα ἐλαύνει καὶ καθείργνυσι καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου ἤδη ὁ ἄνθρωπος διατελεῖ σῦς ὢν ἢ λύκος. . . . [26] ἡ γὰρ ἡδονὴ κρατήσασα αὐτῶν καὶ παραλαβοῦσα τοῖς πόνοις παραδίδωσι τοῖς ἐχθίστοις καὶ χαλεπωτάτοις. τοῦτον δὴ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐμοὶ καρτεροῦντι καὶ παραβαλλομένῳ πρὸς ἡδονὴν καὶ πόνον οὐδεὶς προσέχει τῶν ἀθλίων ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πηδῶσι καὶ τρέχουσι καὶ χορεύουσιν. [27] οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἑώρων ἀγωνιζόμενον καὶ πονοῦντα, οὐδὲ ἔμελεν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τότε ἴσως ἀθλητάς τινας ἐθαύμαζον, Ζήτην καὶ Κάλαϊν καὶ Πηλέα καὶ ἄλλους τοιούτους δρομέας τινὰς καὶ παλαιστάς: καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ κάλλει, τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ πλούτῳ ἐθαύμαζον, καθάπερ Ἰασίωνα καὶ Κινύραν.

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Circe offering a drink of her potion to one of Odysseus’ men who holds his hand up
Circe and one of Odysseus’ transformed men, Athenian pelike, circa 5th century B.C.E. Staatliche Kunstammlungen Dresden.

Red-figure vase showing Heracles wrestling Antaeus

Herakles trying to lift the giant Antaeus off the ground. Antaeus was invincible as long as he remained in contact with the earth. Euphronios signed red-figure kylix (ΕΥΦΡΟΝΙΟΣ ΕΠΟΙΕΣΕΝ). 500-490 BCE. Findspot: Vulci. Louvre Museum.

The Boreads, Zetes and Calais, flank a seated Phineas, who sits before a table
The winged Boreads, Zetes and Calais, rescue Phineas (seated) from the Harpies. Attic red-figure column-krater, ca. 460 BC. From Altamura. Louvre Museum. Wikimedia Commons.